Review of Structural Organizational Provider †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Review of Structural Organizational Provider. Answer: Presentation Cresswell and Sheik, (2013) assumed that framework investigation is a demonstration or procedure so as to characterize the reason or objectives of the tasks just as techniques that is achieving the business most proficiently. As of late, there are a few trend setting innovations are utilized by the medicinal services associations essentially. In this way, the board of there framework is a significant angles for human services industry (Weaver et al. 2016). As indicated by the gave contextual investigation of My Health Record, the referenced application will be coordinated utilizing inside the current clinical framework for getting to data from one database. This framework will plan for keeping up patients data alongside the observing procedure. This specific investigation immovably centers around clarifying the partner jobs through structuring partner mapping with 4 quadrants. Aside from that, this examination additionally clarifies about the framework through use case outline and portrayals. Planning of Stakeholder Map Chief of Public Health Chief of Nursing Chief of Services Patients Clients Administration Users Neighborhood Authority Intense trusts Ecological Health Analysts Research Scientists Interchanges Trustees Connection Groups Particular vested party Media Wellbeing Visitors Inside Outer Depiction of Each partners Interest on Project Partner Name Job Intrigue Executive of Public Health Inside - Operations He can ready to see the all record in one screen for the whole activities Executive of Nursing Inside Operations He can screen the exercises of specialists at a time Executive of Service Inside Operations The whole activity can be see from wherever Understanding Outer - Operations They can take arrangement as per the specialists plan Intense Trust Outside Operations Differing the degrees of the associations Client Outside Operations Client can ready to arrange Administration User Outside Operations Can control the key assets Nearby Authority Outside Operations Can approved the administrations Ecological Health Analysts Inward Executives Can order to control the spending plans Research Scientists Inward Executives Can allude to those partners as indicated by their requirements and need Correspondences Inner Executives Can gangs the patients with unique information Trustees Inner Executives Can confirm the degrees of the associations Connection Group Outside Executives Can impact through the connection of different gatherings Particular vested party Outer Executives Can evaluate the significance of Mt Healthcare for other people Media Outer Executives Pull openly by demonstrating the aftereffects of crafted by My Healthcare Wellbeing Visitors Outside Executives Political, Social and financial in status Distinguishing proof of Stakeholder to send the poll Chief of Public Health Chief of Service Patients Administration User This survey is going to sent among the partners to distinguish the requirements of the programmed framework and depicts the functionalities of the up and coming framework alongside its advantages. Would you like to store information of your patients and dissect it for future procedure? Is the data framework will be useful to determine the present issue at association? Is the data framework essential to offer all the more better assistance to the clients? How might you want to get to the information that put away into the framework? Do you like to get to the framework from all over and whenever? Would you like to speak with your significant representatives whenever? Do you show the procedures of patient consideration to your clients? Would you like to confine the entrance of information? Would you like to make a reinforcement framework to maintain a strategic distance from future information lost? Would you like to see the dashboard of the whole activity when the framework start? Use Case outline and portrayals Name Login and Register ID 1 Related Actors Specialist Tolerant Depiction The clients need to enroll into the framework after that with the email id and secret word can login to the framework Authoritative Advantages Better security in the framework (Authorization) Recurrence of utilization Normal Cooperative Use Case Contact and email confirmation Triggers The potential clients need to get to the framework functionalities Precondition The client must have a legitimate email and contact number Post-condition The client is enlisted and signed into the framework Special case The email id or number isn't accessible for reasons unknown Name Information wellbeing information ID 3 Related Actors Specialist Portrayal The specialist inputs the wellbeing information against a person Authoritative Advantages Better access of information Recurrence of utilization Ordinary Affiliated Use Case Login Triggers The specialist is refreshing the database Precondition The specialist must have approval of refreshing the patients database Post-condition The wellbeing information is spared Special case The framework can't follow the information of the patient Name Access Health Data ID 5 Related Actors Understanding Specialist Depiction The patient or specialist or the two needs to get to the wellbeing information Hierarchical Advantages Access to various patient information regardless of whether the patient was having treatment in various center Recurrence of utilization Ordinary Cooperative Use Case Limit Data Access Triggers The approved specialist and just a single patient can get to people wellbeing information Precondition The patient or specialist must be approved by the framework Post-condition The entrance to information is allowed Stream of Activities Entertainer Framework The patient or specialist demands explicit information The framework gathers the id of the client The framework watches that the id is approved The framework give a rundown of comparative information The client select the proposed information from the rundown The framework gathers the information from the clinical framework The client get to the information The framework stores the information incidentally in the cloud database Special case The framework is having issues in associating with the database End This examination leads the investigation report of a framework that will be actualized at My Health record. The proposed framework is an application where the managerial division can track or view the whole activity from wherever and anyplace. The staffs can login into their framework and check the calendar in like manner. Secretary can follow all the patients recode in one screen that will help them in giving brief reaction to clients question. In addition, the proposed application is a robotized framework where patient can enlist their name and timetable their examination with the particular specialist. Book reference Ahmadi, H., Nilashi, M., Ibrahim, O. (2015). Authoritative choice to embrace emergency clinic data framework: An observational examination on account of Malaysian open hospitals.International diary of clinical informatics,84(3), 166-188. Chaudoir, S. R., Dugan, A. G., Barr, C. H. (2013). Estimating factors influencing execution of wellbeing developments: an orderly audit of auxiliary, hierarchical, supplier, patient, and advancement level measures.Implementation Science,8(1), 22. Cresswell, K. M., Bates, D. W., Sheik, A. (2013). Ten key contemplations for the fruitful execution and selection of enormous scope wellbeing data technology.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(e1), e9-e13. Cresswell, K., Sheik, A. (2013). Authoritative issues in the usage and selection of wellbeing data innovation developments: an interpretative review.International diary of clinical informatics,82(5), e73-e86. Furukawa, M. F., King, J., Patel, V., Hsiao, C. J., Adler-Milstein, J., Jha, A. K. (2014). Notwithstanding significant advancement in EHR reception, wellbeing data trade and patient commitment stay low in office settings.Health Affairs, 10-1377 Kellermann, A. L., Jones, S. S. (2013). What it will take to accomplish the so far unfulfilled guarantees of wellbeing data technology.Health Affairs,32(1), 63-68. Nazi, K. M. (2013). The individual wellbeing record Catch 22: human services experts points of view and the data biology of individual wellbeing record frameworks in authoritative and clinical settings.Journal of clinical Internet research,15(4), e70. Weaver, C. A., Ball, M. J., Kim, G. R., Kiel, J. M. (2016). Medicinal services data the board systems.Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Free Essays on Educational Reform in America

of Paulo Freire, the data given or instructed by the instructors. As indicated by Paulo Freire we take data given to us by instructors and sort the data away for sometime in the future. Freire battles that when information is passed vertically from educator to understudy in the financial idea the information is put away in the minds and indexed away. A wasteful method to discover that keeps us down from arriving at our maximum capacity. We, the understudies, never question the legitimacy of the data. We basically comprehend that the instructor is correct and we underestimate what the educator gives us. Who says that all data is as a matter of fact legitimate, how would we know until we, the understudies, really do it. On the off chance that an understudy peruses in a book that a certain plant when eaten tastes sweet and another preferences severe the understudies are then expected to take for allowed that what the content says and what the instructor says are right. So how would we really perceive two distinct tastes? Test it out for ourselves in a gathering meeting. Analysts ... Free Essays on Educational Reform in America Free Essays on Educational Reform in America The United States has been showing its understudies for incalculable years now. The present training process in the United States is that of the financial procedure. Paulo Freire offers light to another and progressed process by which America ought to learn by, one that will end up being a venture for the countries society, and before long will. Throughout recent years we have been learning in Americas establishments for the initial eighteen to twenty-five long stretches of our lives. Continually being educated by our instructors and educators, trusting that what they state will give us light to a cheerful future. Understudies for the most part sit in a homeroom and assimilate or bank, to put it in expressions of Paulo Freire, the data given or instructed by the instructors. As indicated by Paulo Freire we take data given to us by educators and order the data away for sometime in the future. Freire fights that when information is passed vertically from instructor to understudy in the financial idea the information is put away in the cerebrums and recorded away. A wasteful method to discover that keeps us down from arriving at our maximum capacity. We, the understudies, never question the legitimacy of the data. We just comprehend that the educator is correct and we underestimate what the instructor gives us. Who says that all data is as a matter of fact substantial, how would we know until we, the understudies, really do it. On the off chance that an understudy peruses in a book that a certain plant when eaten tastes sweet and another preferences unpleasant the understudies are then expected to take for allowed that what the content says and what the educator says are right. So how would we truly perceive two unique tastes? Test it out for ourselves in a gathering meeting. Analysts ...

How to Write a TOP Grade Essay

How to Write a TOP Grade Essay How to Create a Good Essay Home›Tips for Students›How to Create a Good Essay Tips for StudentsResearch work of students is one of the most important forms of educational process. It allows the student to start a complete scientific work, to find like-minded people, with whom it is possible to consult and share the fruits of their research. All university students carry out different types of research work and write essays.HOW TO WRITE A PERFECT PAPERThese tips will help you create a top grade writing paper.WORK WITH SOURCESWriting a scientific work requires a clear idea of the level of development of the topic under study in science. That is why you need to get acquainted with the main literature concerning the chosen topic (monographs, articles). Searches for this literature will be used by systematic and alphabetical collections, as well as by various bibliographical references. It is expedient to note the data from sources on separate cards or in the notebook, mentioning all the facts about the publication (the surname and initials of the author, the name of the monograph, articles or collections of articles, abstracts, place, year of publication, title of the publishing house, number of pages). The results of the experiments can be presented in charts, tables, and formulas.THE MAIN STAGES OF WORK ON THE TEXTTraditionally, the structure of scientific work contains the following components: introduction, the body of the text, conclusions, list of used literature. There is also a list of conditional abbreviations, a list of sources used, and the application. It is advisable to submit the contents immediately after the title page of the page with the indication of pages. Note, it can be formatted as a simple or elaborate plan.Creating a top grade writing paper involves the following steps:diagnostic (choice of topic, determination of the purpose and tasks of the study);prognostic (determination of the ways of solving the tasks, justification of the relevan ce and novelty of the research);organization (collecting information, compiling the list of literature, processing, and systematizing the material, drawing up a plan, writing a work, formulating conclusions, editing the text, forecasting possible questions and answers to them, public presentation).CHOOSE A PROPER TOPICThe choice of theme is the initial stage of work. This is a critical phase because the topic predetermines all the further course of work. The subject of your work should neither be too broad nor too narrow.There are several requirements for the topic of good papers:Relevance and novelty (the argumentation of the necessity of conducting research, the disclosure of the real need for the study of the topic, the relevance of the topic to the current state of a particular science);Scientific orientation (correctness of the use of terms, concepts, and formulations);The problem (the theme should have research-exploratory character);Accuracy (correspondence to the facts that objectively exist in science);Originality.THE STRUCTURE OF A GOOD PAPERThe next step after selecting the topic is related to the development of the structure of work.It is necessary to adhere to the general requirements, according to which the structure of work includes:cover sheet;list of contents;the enumeration of the symbols (if necessary);introduction;the main part;conclusions;list of used literature;applications (if necessary).HOW TO WRITE AN INTRODUCTIONIn the introduction of a top grade writing paper, the choice of the topic of research, its relevance and novelty, the purpose and objectives of the research are formulated. The definition of relevance is nothing more than an indication of the degree of the development of a topic, the place of research among such works. In other words, it is necessary to show what has already been done in this area by others, and what should be done by the author of the work. The purpose of the paper is the main direction of the research activi ty, which must be achieved by the results of the work in the most general form. The research objectives specify the purpose, determine the main content of the work. Tasks transform into names of sections (subsections). In the formulation of tasks, the following verbs are commonly used: to define, to reveal, to create, to identify, to develop, to establish, to argue, etc. It is necessary to avoid the use of words such as studying, analyzing, reviewing, exploring, etc., as they convey the process of achieving the goal.Typical mistakes in the formulation of tasks are as follows:the task is formulated wider than the goal;the problem is formulated almost the same as the goal;the tasks are set inconsistently;a large number of tasks.THE BODY OF THE TEXT ESSENCEAs usual, the main part of the paper is divided into chapters, sections, and subdivisions in which an analytical review of the literature on the subject is made, an analysis of certain scientific phenomena in the aspect of the resear ch problem. Typically, a student research work consists of two chapters: the first one involves, as a rule, theoretical material, and the second one is practical. If the research problem is divided into relatively independent parts, the number of chapters may be larger. In this case, the first one (general) includes theoretical material, and the following paragraphs are devoted to each problem and can include both theoretical and practical material. It is necessary to remember that each part of your work must be completed with brief conclusions.HOW TO MAKE CONCLUSIONSThe most difficult thing is to formulate the conclusions of the study. This section summarizes the essence of the scientific results of the work, summarizes the findings in the form of some abstracts. At the same time, the number and content of the conclusion points must be correlated with the tasks and content of the work. Conclusions need to be formulated in a meaningful plan, which means not just the results of the s tudy should be called but their essence too.To clarify the logic of constructing the entire work, it is useful to implement the following method to compare the research tasks with the names of parts of work and with the conclusions. If the number and contents of tasks and conclusions are correlated with each other and correspond to the names of the sections (subsection), then the logical structure of the work is sustained.LIST OF SOURCES AND APPLICATIONSThe author of the work is obliged to refer to the sources and materials that he or she uses in the research process. The list of sources used (books, monographs, articles from the magazine and newspapers, articles in collections of conference materials or scientific works, electronic addresses of sites, etc.) must be formed either in alphabetical order of the writers’ names or as the references appear in the text of the work. The Applications section includes additional material. It is formed in case of necessity of complete disclo sure of the contents and results of research. The number of applications is determined by the author of the work.This section may include:tables, illustrations of auxiliary character;copies of archival documents;photographs, charts, maps, questionnaires, etc.;recommendations on the practical use of the results obtained, etc.Applications are placed after the main content, while the numbering of pages of work continues. If necessary, the applications can be issued as an independent part and have the form of a booklet, brochure, etc.

Effective Communication in the Laboratory - 1953 Words

]LABORATORY MANAGEMENT ] EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION INTRA AND EXTRA LABORATORY ASSIGNMENT 3 DATE: 24 APRIL 2012 Table Of Contents PAGE NUMBER Introduction 3 1. The communication process 4-5 2. Feedback 6 3. Types of Communication based on expression 6-7 4. Types of communication bases on flow 7 5. Internal vs external communication 8 6. What are the barriers to effective communication? 9-11 7. Elements of effective communication 11-12 8. Cross-cultural Communication 12 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction What is effective communication? Communication is the very basic need of any organization and any individual. An†¦show more content†¦Describes how a person communicates. * Evaluative feedback. Provides an evaluation of the person who communicates. * Prescriptive feedback. Provides advice about expected behaviour or expected communication. The four different levels are: * Task or procedural feedback. Consist of issues regarding effectiveness and appropriateness. For instance , if a correct procedure was used appropriately at the time by the group. * Relational feedback. Related to interpersonal dynamics within a group. For instance, the effectiveness of teamwork. * Individual feedback. It focuses on a particular individual in a group. Regarding whether the persons’ skills and knowledge is helpful to the group. The type of attitude the individual has to fellow co-workers. * Group feedback. Is centred on the groups’ performance ability. Feedback should not be perceived as a negative process but, it should be used as a means to enhance outcome, awareness and learning (Guo amp; Sanchez, 2005). 3. Types of Communication on basis of expression There are two types: verbal and nonverbal (Guo amp; Sanchez, 2005). Verbal Communication This is spoken or written words to share information with others. Guo amp; Sanchez (2005) states that are different forms of verbal communication, for example: * Face-to-face meetings allow for emotions to be conveyed and immediate feedback takes place. * WrittenShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Potential For Wearable Diagnostics?858 Words   |  4 PagesThe healthcare field is revolutionizing and always finding ways to make processes quick, effective, and conveniently accessible. An aspect of this revolution includes the use of diagnostic wearables. Wearables are positively impacting healthcare with the use of modern medicine and biotechnology, and healthcare professionals and patients are using them more readily. Being able to receive comprehensive real-time health information on one’s smartphone or smart watch allows patients to be able to trackRead MoreEssay On How To Improve Communication1361 Words   |  6 Pagespatients care the emergency department clinician (ED) and medical staff (lab technician) needs to improve communication and how to respond to the issues among both departments such as accurate test results. While most disagree that the issue does not deserve attention from the medical and laboratory field audience. The APA formatted text â€Å"Improving Patient Safety Through Enhanced Communication Between Emergency Department Clinicians and Medical Staff† has supporting details such as charts, tablesRead MoreNebraska Methodist Health System ( Nmhs )1561 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the hospital. Dr. John Schenken, the head of laboratory for Methodist hospital from 1945 – 1979, carved the path that has lead the Methodist Pathology Center to being a nationally recognized center of pathology. 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One data tool for this project is a laboratory HbA1c level. The HbA1c levels will be drawn prior to the diabetes education class by a Phlebotomist and analyzed by the laboratory. The participants will attend a diabetesRead MoreDefinition Of Organizational Management Approach1463 Words   |  6 Pages(Colorado State University - Global Campus, 2015). Organizations must be able to learn in order to be successful (Colorado State University - Global Campus, 2015). For a learning organization to be successful, they must use effective and ethical communication. Effective communication is one of the four components of organizational structure (Colorado State University - Global Campus, 2015). It is certainly necessary for the entire organization (not just one silo) to benefit from any learning that occurs

Strategies Hotels Use in Order to Achieve and Guarantee...

A well renowned man once said: A customer is the most important visitor to our premises. He is not dependent on us. We are dependent on him. He is not an interruption to our work; He is the purpose of it. He is not an outsider to our business; He is part of it. We are not doing him a favour by serving him; He is doing us a favour by giving us the opportunity to do so. There is much truth to the above statement; therefore achieving customer satisfaction is an important basis to any business organisation, especially hotels. strong*/strongstrong*/strongstrong*/strongstrong*/strongstrong*/strongstrong*/strongstrong* Customer satisfaction is the ability that an organisation possesses, to meet the†¦show more content†¦Before wishing the guest an enjoyable and relaxing stay, GSA or Serviexpress is introduced to the guest as a method of assuring their satisfaction, while residing in the hotel. `Guest Satisfaction Assurance is a very effective and full proof way of achieving customer satisfaction as when a guest has a query, a complaint, or simply wishes to comment on a particular procedure, all a guest needs to do is dial a number, from their room telephone. This number is usually a very simple and easy number to remember, (for example 700) for the convenience of the guest. This facility is available 24 hours a day and is guaranteed to be dealt with within half an hour. Besides being able to telephone the GSA department, a guest may also contact a person acting on behalf of the department in the lobby area of the hotel; as a GSA is desk would be present at certain times of the day. In t his way the person or persons involved in this particular department are also able to meet a guest face-to-face, in order to deal with their clients in a more personal manner. Face-to-face communication is a more effective way for guests to feel more understood and most of all important. After a complaint is resolved a guest is also complemented with a letter expressing apologies and gratitude for bringing the problem to the hotels attention. 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Dementia Symptoms are usually subtle in onset and often progress Free Essays

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, irreversible, degenerative neurologic disease that begins insidiously and is characterized by gradual losses of cognitive function and disturbances in behavior and affect. Alzheimer’s disease is not found exclusively in the elderly; in 1 % to 10% of cases, its onset occurs in middle age. A family history of Alzheimer’s disease and the presence of Down syndrome are two established risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Dementia Symptoms are usually subtle in onset and often progress or any similar topic only for you Order Now Of family members have at least one other relative with Alzheimer’s disease, then a familial component, which non- specifically includes both environmental triggers and genetic determinants, is said to exist. Genetic studies show that autosomal- dominant forms of Alzheimer’s disease are associated with early onset and early death. In 1987, chromosome 21 was first implicated in early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease. Soon after, the gene coding fro amyloid precursor protein or APP was also found to be on chromosome 21. Not until 1991 was an actual mutation in association with familial Alzheimer’s disease found in the APP gene of chromosome 21. For those with this gene, onset of Alzheimer’s disease began in their 50’s. Only a few of the cases of familial Alzheimer’s disease have been found to involve this genetic mutation. In 1992, chromosome 14 was found to contain an unidentified mutation also linked to familial Alzheimer’s disease. Since 1995, molecular biologists have been discovering even more- specific genetic information about the various forms of Alzheimer’s disease, including genetic differences between early- and late- onset Alzheimer’s disease. These genetic differences are helping to pinpoint risk factors associated with the disease, although the genetic indicators are not specific enough to be used as reliable diagnostic markets. A. Causes/ Risk Factors Symptoms of AD are usually subtle in onset and often progress slowly until they are obvious and devastating. The changes characteristic of AD into three general categories: cognitive, functional, and behavioral. Reversible causes of AD include alcohol abuse, medication use, psychiatric disorders, and normal- pressure hydrocephalus. Increasing age is the leading risk factor of people getting Alzheimer’s disease. II. Symptoms, Changes by Psychological and Behavioral A. Dementia Symptoms are usually subtle in onset and often progress slowly until they are obvious and devastating. The changes characteristics of dementia fall into three general categories: cognitive, functional and behavioral. In the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, forgetfulness and subtle memory loss occur. The patient may experience small difficulties in work or social activities but has adequate cognitive function to hide the loss and can function independently. Depression may occur at this time. With further progression of the disease, the deficits can no longer be concealed. Forgetfulness is manifested in many daily actions. These patients may lose their ability to recognize familiar faces, places, and objects and may get lost in a familiar environment. They may repeat the same stories because they forget that they have already told them. Trying to reason with the person and using reality orientation only increase the patient’s anxiety without increasing function. Conversation becomes difficult, and there are word- finding difficulties. The ability to formulate concepts ad think abstractly disappears; for instance, the patient can interpret a proverb only in concrete terms. The patient is often unable to recognize the consequences of his or her actions and will therefore exhibit impulsive behavior. For example, on a hot day, the patient may decide to wade in the city fountain fully clothed. The patient has difficulty with everyday activities, such as operating simple appliances and handling money. Personality changes are also usually evident. The patient may become depressed, suspicious, paranoid, hostile, and even combative. Progression of the disease intensifies the symptoms: speaking skills deteriorate to nonsense syllables, agitation and physical activity increase, and the patient may wander at night. Eventually, assistance is needed for most ADL’s including eating and toileting, since dysphagia occurs and incontinence develops. The terminal stage, in which the patient is usually mobile and requires total care, may last for months or years. Occasionally, the patient may recognize family or caretakers. Death occurs as a result of complications such as pneumonia, malnutrition, or dehydration. Primary Dementia Primary Dementia is diseases that directly attack brain tissue and cause the behaviors associated with dementia. Primary dementias are irreversible; that is, they can only be treated symptomatically and cannot be cured. The most common type of primary dementia, and of all types of dementias, is Alzheimer’s disease. Secondary dementia or pseudo dementia Secondary disease refers to diseases that do not directly attack brain tissue but result in symptoms described result from diabetic ketoacidosis, drug intoxication, severe nutritional imbalance, severe dehydration, head trauma, sever infections, and depression. Multi-infarct dementia (MID) Multi-infarct dementia denotes to dementia symptoms resulting from multiple strokes. B. Mood An individual who has Alzheimer’s has the tendency â€Å"to manifest rapid mood swings†. There is depression which is 30%. C. Personality The changes include the apathy, indifference, irritability. In early stage of the disease, social behavior is intact; hides cognitive deficits. In the advanced disease, the person with AD disengages from activity and relationships; is suspicious; has paranoid delusions caused by memory loss; aggressive; has catastrophic reactions. D. Statistics on morbidity (disease) and mortality (death) Alzheimer ’s disease reportedly affects 3% to 11% of community residing adults older than 65 years of age and 20% to 50% of community residing adults older than age 85. Most of those suffering from AD who are in the over 85 age group reside in the institutional settings. Of those individuals 100 years and older, almost 60%are noted to demonstrate AD. Despite this high incidence, clinicians fail to detect dementia in 21% to 72% of patients. In order for a diagnosis of AD to be made, at least two domains of altered function must exists—memory and at least one of the following: language, perception, visuospatial function, calculation, judgment, abstraction, and problem solving. How to cite Dementia Symptoms are usually subtle in onset and often progress, Papers

Medication Errors Essay Example

Medication Errors Essay Medication Errors Risk Management of Medication Errors. Risk management as concerns medication errors is the consistent improvement of the quality and delivery of medication to patients with consideration to safety. Consideration to safety involves the identification of situations that may put patients at risk and putting measures in place to prevent and control these risks. Key components of effective risk management include effective policies and procedures, documentation of patient care and other clinical activities as well as timely and transparent reporting of critical incidents (Marshall, 2011). Medication errors are often the result of various weaknesses in complicated medical system. The solution to this problem, therefore, has to involve the participation of all concerned parties including medical personnel and patients. Communication channels serving personnel involved in the medication process also need assessment. We will write a custom essay sample on Medication Errors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Medication Errors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Medication Errors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Steps in Place Addressing Medication Errors at the Cleveland Clinic Hospital A number of procedures and policies were set up at the Cleveland hospital to prevent the repeated occurrence of medication errors. This involved setting up procedures and practices that govern handling of medication. Some of the best practices discussed and implemented to solve this problem include setting a zero-error goal in medication labeling. Erroneous labeling occurs during the removal of medication from its original packaging and placed into pre-labeled on unlabeled syringes or containers. Procedures implemented to counter this include ensuring the labeling of new containers immediately before or after transfer of the liquid because health care workers are prone to interruptions. Nurses take this precaution even when filling multiple containers with the same medication or solution. The nurses label these containers one type of medication at a time. The label should include the name, amount concentration, and expiration date of the solution. The entire staff involved in drug administration usually discards any unlabelled medication and if preparing medication but not administering it, they verify the label’s accuracy before using it. Labeling of multiple dose vials occurs after they are opening them. The label should indicate a 28-day expiration date. Scheduled audits of medication storage areas to remove expired medication occur regularly. Surprise audits of medical refrigerators and other storage areas also help in implementation, thus reducing the margin of error. Putting reminders such as ‘check label’ for medications reduces errors even among patients taking their daily dosage themselves. The security of medication is also of paramount importance to the Cleveland clinic. Security strictly restricts access to medication storage areas so only. The hospital constantly monitors storage areas without electronic or mechanical locks. The staff also secures and documents emergency medication kits both before and after an emergency to prevent access by unauthorized personnel. Another way of ensuring the safety of medication in storage at the clinic is the digital thermometer alarm attached to medication refrigerators that ensure temperature stays within the recommended range. Commonly confused medications such as DOBUTamine, DOPamine are often sources of confusion and consequently errors (Lippincott Lippincott, 2008). The Cleveland clinic instituted ‘tall man lettering’, a combination of upper and lower case letter to reduce confusion among these medications. The regulators also added â€Å"LASA† designation to these medicines, which have a separate storage area in the pharmacy. Online support for the use of LASA medication is available to the Cleveland clinic personnel. The management of high-risk medication such as insulin has reduced the margin of error usually prone to these types of medication. Vials of insulin removed from the floor stock are patient specific. Afterwards, nurses label the vials with patient’s details and the 28-day expiration date. They also put insulin and other high-risk medication such as anti-coagulants, chemotherapy, opioids, and concentrated electrolytes in separate storage and only authorized personnel can prescribe such medication with independent double-checking before administration. The staff thereby keeps these medications in standardized concentrations. Agency Solutions to Remedy the Medication Error Problem The Quality and Patient Safety Institute advises the Cleveland clinic on health safety and risk management. The agency came up with ways of incorporating safety into the hospital system to manage the error issue. Solutions have included the streamlining of hospital practices to those recommended by recognized regulatory bodies, which has led to accreditation clinic. Production of regular quality performance reports and continual process of improvements has enabled compliance and the participation of personnel. Another significant breakthrough instituted by the agency is the patient safety program, which has enabled patients to have a say in the safety aspects affecting treatment. It has also educated them on medication safety and promoted a spirit of cooperation in improving medication safety. Methods adopted by other facilities to address Medication Errors The consequences of medication errors have resulted in hospitals across the United States taking proactive steps to counter the occurrence of medication errors. Methods adopted include the use of standardized order sets for routine prescriptions and procedures (Sullivan Decker, 2005). An example is infusion pumps used to administer medicine. This reduces the need for handwriting, which is a major cause of errors and simplifies the treatment process. Environmental factors such as fatigue, long working hours, noise, and poor lighting in medical workplaces are the leading causes of medication error. The management of this problem has included hiring sufficient personnel and maintaining a calming ambience in the workplace. The personnel use the input of pharmacists and other medical practitioners to identify weakness in the work process. This enables facilities to streamline service delivery systems. Another method has been the increased use of technology to reduce human error. Technology adopted includes the use of online systems to key in prescriptions. This method also allows monitoring of the prescription system by other relevant personnel who can identify and prevent mistakes. The use of bedside bar coding to administer drugs is another preventing measure that has increased efficiency in monitoring the accuracy of medication given. Automated pharmacy or medical record-based triggers have been useful in monitoring adverse drug events caused by many high-alert drugs (ASHRM, 2011). Other facilities encourage staff to keep abreast of developments in medical safety via industry publications. This helps them to keep up their safety standards and prevent error by working on hitherto unforeseen weaknesses. It has also helped in the creation of a safety conscious culture adhered to by all hospital workers. Another key focus has been on the creation of blame free environments. A non-punitive approach increases the chances of detecting and remedying errors as personnel do not have fear of reprisals if they report those (Lippincott Lippincott, 2008). Incentives to personnel who report errors have also encouraged the practice. Improving communication channels between personnel has been another common principal focus. A good communication system prevents misunderstandings and creates a pleasant working environment. Errors in medication usually occur because of miscommunication or miscalculations (Lippincott Lippincott, 2008). The education of staff on relevant vocabulary and using a protocol for orders given verbally has improved significantly patient safety. Encouraging an intimidation free environment has also improved communication between nurses, doctors, and pharmacists. Compare results to the process developed at this agency Most processes adopted by other facilities are similar to those recommended by the agency. This includes the streamlined work processes, use of technology to improve service delivery and the involvement of personnel in safety related decision-making. Other strategies differ. The agency used these to improve the clinic’s service quality. These include the creation of blames free environments. The constant monitoring policy of the agency is likely to put employees on their guard. Creating a culture free of the fear of reprisals increases the chances of error detection and employees taking personal responsibility. Another method that the clinic can adopt is the monitoring of high-risk patients, as opposed to just monitoring the use of high-risk drugs. Conclusions and recommendations Medication errors are a serious risk to both patients and hospitals. They have a serous emotional and financial costs associated with them hence the dedicated efforts to prevent them and if possible attain zero medical errors. Hospitals are on the right track in combating systems errors â€Å"though† there is room for improvement. Education of the personnel the principles of error reduction such as standardization, restricted access, simplification of processes, automation, better information management, dissemination, and fail safes have all helped improved the over all safety of medication in the country. The support of the public is also an important aspect as their support rather than criticism encourages change. The inclusion of risk management in the strategy planning of hospitals will increase the successful implementation of control measures. A culture of knowledge sharing regarding safety measures encourages health practitioners countrywide to take proactive steps regarding patient safety. An acknowledgement of reported errors occurs to allow implementation of action points. These positive measures will further encourage error reporting. References American Society for Healthcare risk Management-ASHRM (2011). Risk management Handbook for Health care Organizations. Edited by Roberta Carroll. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Lippincott, W. Lippincott W. (2008). Lippincott’s Nursing Procedures. Philadelphia, Pa; London: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Marshall, E. (2011). Transformational Leadership in Nursing: from Expert Clinician to Influential Leader. New York, NY: Springer. Sullivan, E. J. Decker, P.J. (2005) Effective leadership and management in nursing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/ Prentice Hall. The Quality Patient Safety Institute of Cleveland Clinic Hospital. (2012). About the Quality Patient Safety Institute. Retrieved from http://my.clevelandclinic.org/about-cleveland-clinic/quality-patient-safety/about-quality-safety-institute.aspx